Tuesday, 5 May 2009

How is the music industry changing?


The music industry is deemed to be ‘ less easily controlled’ Stafford. This is due to various reasons, but the main contribution to how the music industry has changed into becoming ‘ less easily controllable’ is due to technology advances over the last few years, and these advances have caused major advantages and disadvantages toward the music industry in very recent times.

The use of convergence and vertical integration within media and music related products impact heavily on how the music industry progresses and changes. Convergence is a key term when considering how the music industry has developed, for example mobile phones now can turn into music devices, mp3’s in which you are able to listen to music on your phone. This is a development in technology and it gives you an idea of how wide spread the music industry is becoming as it is converging with other products and therefore tapping into almost everything, making it available everywhere. So the music industry has begun to change due to factors such as products merging together to make music devices.

Another example of how the music industry is developing and changing is this idea of vertical integration in which you have a company such as Apple and Apple alongside Steve Jobs had the idea that created the revolutionary music mp3 ‘ Ipod.’ The genius behind this invention means that you have to have follow up programmes on your computer, for example to have the Ipod you need software such as ‘Itunes’ which you can up load your music onto and then transfer it to the Ipod software, this then leads onto where you consume your music from therefore leading on to having the ‘Itunes store’ which you can locate and buy whatever music tracks you like and put them onto your portable device. This is an example of how the music industry is rapidly changing as technology advancements like this makes music a fashionable thing, you see people with the Ipod and you want it. It makes the music industy a more broadcast and widespread thing than it ever has been before, it lets you listen to music all the time. It is a fact that music is something valued in a persons everyday life, Marocesh records stated that 60 % of 16-34 year olds would rather go without sex than music for a week’ this suggeststhat the transformation of technology has made music something that people cant seem to live, without, as people nowadays thanks to mp3’s have it with them constantly, and this technology is still advancing.

Prosumer technology is allowing people, who may not even be skilled in any factor that involves producing a form of entertainment musically, allow people to enter this field themselves without any previous training or musical talent. Examples of this prosumer technology involves Mac programmes such as garage band and I movie. These advances in technology are allowing the music industry to change rapidly as people who five to ten years ago wouldn’t have the ability or chance to produce there own music and then channel and advertise it via web 2, have the ability to do so now. They’re fore making the industry more accessible than ever before.

Apple also changed the concept of niche audiences from being a bad thing to a good thing. Therefore now changing the mainstream audience to being that of live performances rather than electronic. Alex Martin suggested that ‘ More money is made from live music that physical feels.’ (Rowland magazine, April 09) and if this is actually the case, it means that the music industry is changing in a way that people don’t actually tend to buy there music much anymore, therefore more money is being made from other formats such as gigging and major festivals. Therefore this also changes the market for what music is popular as well,

There has been much debate on the consumption of music itself, and many a lawsuit considering the issue of illegal downloads such as Napster and the lawsuit against Kevin Napster for the distribution of free music. This has caused major havoc in the industry and how the big 4 record labels receive the money and also how the artists make there money. So the music is changing in a way that as Stafford said ‘is less easily controlled.’ On the other hand recent reports and works of certain artists have shown that if you work with the technology advances such as web 2 and file sharing resources, you can actually still promote your work and make money. For example, ok go, using a simple idea within the video ‘here it goes again’ using a dance routine involving running machines, which would of cost little money, managed to sell there record and in doing so there video on you tube became one of the most viewed videos of all time. You also have bands such as Enter Shikari. Edith Blackman stated ‘ they put out their record they and toured it’ and in doing so have become a major success. This tells us that the music industry is changing in a way in which now you can use web 2, through marketing things on face book, my space and you tube to your advantage, when a few years ago this was seen as a major disadvantage to the whole of the music industry, but now music industry involvers are finding ways to overcome this major issue, and in doing so becoming very successful and making there money back. Also if you put the work into doing live shows your self you are also making money, and all of this is possible without the help of the big 4 record labels, and this a few years ago would have been an unheard of thing.

Rebecca Scanlon.

Tuesday, 31 March 2009

Assess the Marxist view of the role of education.

Marxists views are of a negative outlook on society as they focus on capitalist ideologies, which are transmitted by the ruling class differences and reinforce equality.

Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1972) believe that schools transmit ideologies the capitalism is just and reasonable and they train people to accept there role in society as workers and to except their future exploitation.

Sociologists Bowel and Gintus considered this an idea called the correspondence theory and this idea considers that what happens within the school environment mirrors what goes on in society itself and they also suggest that success is not entirely related to the individuals ability. This is why Bowel and Gintus suggest that white middle class students tend to do better, therefore the government uses the schools to transmit there ideologies. Bowel and Gintus also consider the Marxist idea of the social reproduction within the school system. It is suggested that whatever class a young child goes in to the education as whether it be upper, middle or lower, this is how they will leave it, ready to gain a working position within that class boundary.

This also ties in with the idea of cultural and material deprivation in which forsythe and furlog (2003) suggest that the cost of higher education and the prospect of debt puts off many bright working class students, this therefore tells us the Marxists view on education is that the education system very much favours the middle class section of society, as if a child of working class did have the intellectual ability to move into further education it would be very hard due to the cost of university and higher education training itself.

There are various different points of view when assessing the Marxist view on education, for example if we consider the functionalist view on education in which Talcott Parsons suggests that school bridges the gap between family and industry. It also suggests that school is actually a mini version of society and it therefore mirrors society itself, it is a place in which gets you ready for the working world itself, but not in the way that Marxists suggests. This view also suggests that it is irrelevant what your background is as the school sifts and sorts people as soon as they go according to their individual intelligence.

This differs with the Marxists view as it suggest that school is a place in which helps you to grow, learn and gain your independence, not to generate you into just another proletarian worker or whatever your class will eventually generate you into.

Rebecca Scanlon.

Tuesday, 3 March 2009

Mock results

Overall:
Grade; B 72%

My analysis:
analysis........12/20
examples ....10/20
terminology ..6/10


52% D

Targets:

1) to present more technical observation of what the camera, editing, sound and mise en scene are doing and the represention they are making.
2) More focus on the explicit representation, such as if the focus is on gender focus on gender.

Sunday, 25 January 2009

eastenders

We see a static shot of Alfie moon walking down a street, Mise en scene denotes shops on the street, and he walks past a dry cleaners and a news agents, Alfie is also carrying bags which suggests that he has been out shopping. This is representative of life within a working class communal area as it has houses, and shops. The camera then cuts to the Mise en scene of a pub and background lighting is used to create this dimly lighted pub, we have a 180-degree shot with the camera showing 8 or 9 women all shouting. The camera then cuts to a shot opposite to show a young boy looking very confused and quite frightened.


The women within the pub all range between the ages of 20 to about 60 years of age, this represents how all members of society like to socialise, and in this particular scenario at there local pub which is open to all people of the area. Costume denotes the way gender is portrayed within society, we see Kat at the head of all the leering and shouting, wearing a low cut top, Jewellery and an excessive amount of make up. This could possibly be a representation of the average working class women in London.

A long shot of Alfie and Spencer hugging connotes an example of family values within society and this is an example of brotherly love. We then cut to a zoom out shot of a living room, which belongs to the Beale family; mise en scene denotes 3 characters sat on the sofa looking worried about another member of the Beale family. We also see an extreme close up during this excerpt of a camera, which has been given to the boy whom is moving away, and it is showing a picture of Ian and his wife, this again presents this idea of love and family values.

Sound plays an important part within soap operas, as they are a representation of reality background music is not needed, therefore ambient sound of traffic and people talking in the street, which is quiet in order to hear what is going on with the dialogue.

Cuts from different family situations, we see the older generation, a family situation, a pub scene in which Spencer moon is mistaken for a stripper and the ladies within the pub throw themselves at him, and this is because Spencer is Alfie moons brother.

Monday, 12 January 2009

Crime Dramas: Life on Mars.

An essential part in a crime drama is the crime itself here we can see the victim of a brutal shooting this occurs very often in TV crime shows as it is extremely essential in order for the story line to work within this drama.















In a Tv crime drama, depending on who it is the series follows you need police investigators or detectives so that they can solve the problem. In these programmes the problem being a crime of some sort. Another example taken from life on mars considers this there are detectives here who are called to asses the scene of the crime, also as you can see here these characters are all men, it could be valid to say that this could conclude to some sort of gender stereotype.

















Work place, this is representative a a general police station which meetings take place, here we can clearly see the different characters and heirarchy. The detective cheive is most likely to be the male figure sat at the desk here.


















Here we see a clip of a strong women detective/police figure, this clip is from the spin off series to Life on Mars. So female dominant characters can also be presented in Tv crime dramas.

Tuesday, 9 December 2008

Discuss the ways in which the extract creates representations of gender and lifestyle.

Holly oaks is a TV drama based around the loves and lives of the inhabitants of this area, it focuses on the younger age group from teenage life to the lives of the 20’s and 30 year old category also. This soap through mise en scene, camera, sound and editing techniques conveys issues that could seem quite deviant in society today through drama, and in this essay I am going to focus on how Gender and lifestyle is represented.

Firstly setting is established, a long shot of a lady whom is referred to as Bernadette is partaking in river dancing, this long shot we get a full view of what is happening in the mise on scene. It denotes to the viewer a front living room of an ordinary semi-detached or terrace house; we see a sofa, curtains, netting on the windows, things in which are normal within a household, this instantly tells us of the lifestyle and class of these people, it suggests that they are working to middle class.

The use of diegetic sound is important within this extract as it connotes the cultural back ground, it suggests that these people are of an Irish heritage and they show this through the traditional river dancing which is a typical Irish dance. This is representative of lifestyle as this shows the different cultures that may be living within one society as holly oaks is based in Chester.

The camera shot changes between the river dancer ‘ Bernadette’ to a medium shot of the three grievers whom are sat on the sofa, one an middle age-elderly lady who seems to be revelling in the river dance and this suggests that she is quite proud as she leans over to the other 2 characters in order to promote this excellence, even though they both seem rather disinterested as there posture is slack, and there responses to questions are merely grunts, this is connoted because the character of Bernadette as achieved something that is initially quite classy and of cultural importance she is valued for showing this as a sign of respect for someone who has died. The lady is dressed all in black as would be the attire for a situation such as this, but we can tell of her class by the way she I sat, she seems of quite an aristocratic background as she is sat with her legs neatly crossed, her hands over her knees and she is prominently enjoying the entertainment she is receiving. We see Bernadette’s legs dance across the fore ground; this enables the viewer to keep in touch of the type of cultural background these people come from. Camera shot cuts to a two shot of Malachy and another women whom are sitting having a more private conversation that is irrelevant to the situation itself.

The diegetic sound is also important as the Irish music suddenly begins to fade and this could be quite ironic to what is coming up next. We next see a series of two shots, along with a head shot of the women who seemed extremely joyous by the river dancing in which had just taken place, the camera does a short and fast zoom in closer to the woman’s face in order for the viewer to recognised the shock that has covered her face. We then see another series of two shots that are used for use to see the looks and shock of the other people inside the room. Through these shot types we can see here how certain people within society looks down on gay/bi-sexual relationships and people whom cross dress because they feel the need to do this as it makes them feel better with in them selves. Are all of societal views focused on the negative outcome of not conforming to what they deem correct?

We then jump to a direct long shot of Chris, just like the one we see of Bernadette, this is a master shot so that we can re-establish what is going on in the scene. We see the rest of the company looking at him, mise en scene through Chris’s costume denotes red lipstick long red socks and a white jumpsuit, this resembles something Kylie Monogue wore in her ‘cant get you out of my head’ music video. The costume is white which contrasts with the rest of the company as they are dressed in black in sign of respect. This is suggestive of Chris's non-conformity in character. The use of the Kylie Monogue attire also gives a sense of peoples cultural knowledge that the viewer has as lifestyle within today’s society is very much influenced by sexual representations within the media view point of characters such as her, everyone knows who she is.

‘I’m a cross dresser’ he exclaims as we cut back to the mastershot view of the whole lounge area staring at him in disbelief, the people in the room seem quite disgusted by this which suggests how the elder generation, such as the middle age women of whom seems extremely shocked by this announcement aren’t as excepting of things such as bi-sexual and gay relationships. As being homosexual is more accepted within today’s society than say the 20th century societal views. This is also represented through the different reactions of characters in this extract, the people of a more younger generation seem more angered about the fact they didn’t know, such as the young girl who ran away crying clearly upset as she had some form of relationship with the bi-sexual cross dresser, and also Bernadette who claims that Chris is selfish for releasing this information on a day that is not about him. This is representative of the more open lifestyle that people in modern day society live, things are genuinely more open when its come to things such as sex. Gender issues are more blurred and as things are becoming more obsolete within society. The fading away of the Irish music at this moment in time is also suggestive of his disrespect for his father, the cultural references throughout the scene suggest his father was in touch with his nationality and the fading of the music suggests Chris’s disrespect for it.

A sound bridge is used as a form of transition between the cut into the next scene, the backing soundtrack is non diegetic and the music plays quite sad balled music; something in which you would listen to when you go through heartbreak. We then see a close up shot of Mercedes, whom is quite a flamboyant female character, her use of costume and makeup accentuates her female sexuality. Use of editing is relevant here as a cross fade is used with quite a blurry effect; this is a useful effect as the lighting and colour changes to a colourless screen. This technique is used in order to give a sense of what is happening on screen not being realistic within the versilamilitude. Mercedes is imagining what life use to be like with Malachy. This is representative of gender and life style as it is suggestive of women’s delicate role in the image of love, and it is also representative of the drama in which happens in everyday life such as romance, and break ups.

Saturday, 1 November 2008

Analysis (Camera, sound and editing) Skins series two last episode: Sid and Tony steal Chris’s coffin.

A two shot is used so that we can see the dialogue between the two men in suits taking place. The two-shot is also put in place so that we can the setting, in which is a front room and the men are placed in front of a window, now behind the window we can see the action of Tony and Sid stealing their friend Chris’s coffin from the men and the point of this shot is so that we can see what is happening, but the men can not, we can see this sort of dramatic irony taking place on screen, just because this shot type has been used. The fact that this shot type has been used in this situation also means that’s the camera doesn’t need to move about therefore it remains static, it doesn’t move at all because we can see all the action that is taking place in one straight shot.
The music that is used at this moment is non-diegetic. We here violins being played and the music is very soft and very slow, and quite relaxing, this music is quite synchronous with the scene as the men are sat drinking tea and talking, it matches there lets say; peaceful state of mind, but again this music is quite ironic as to what is going on in the background because if they new they would not be in a peaceful state of mind.
Editing is very slow at this point; the takes are long, so editing is very slow paced, there is not much action-taking place. Editing changes suddenly when and is extremely fast pace with the transition into the next scene, when the men realise that the coffin has been taking. We see a series of quick shots and close ups of speeding cars going in different directions; it is almost a blur on the screen.
Music all so changes from slow, quiet classical music to fast upbeat loud ambient sound with this scene change. This change in music carries on when we see the car driving around, and it is used to create a more dramatic effect to the action that is taking place.
At this point we see a long shot of a red car, with a coffin sat on top, and then it cuts up to a close up to Tony sitting in the car. This cut to a close up is used in order for the audience to recognise that Tony is sat in the red car with the coffin on top. Many point of view shots from the angle of Tony and Sid so that we can see passers by looking at the car, it has a coffin on top and obviously this seems strange to people. Many tracking shots are used so that we can follow the car and they are used to establish that the car is moving away with Chris’s body. The action then cuts to a two shot, so that we can see a dialogue-taking place between Tony and Sid taking place in the car. Whilst dialogue is taking place, the background music quietens so that the audience get more of a sense of the ambient sound of cars and other background noise, and this is used not only so that we can hear the conversation better, but also so that the viewer know that they are on a busy road and also to make the scene have a much more realistic feel.
When we get a two shot of Tony and Sid, we see a car following in the background, this is the same technique in which is used at the beginning so that we can see an action going on in the background in which will inevitably effect the characters in the foreground. Fast pace music begins when the car behind beeps, so that we can tell that something dramatic and eventful is about to take place. The shot cuts to a close up of Tony’s feel on the gas pedal when starting the car, meaning the car is speeding up and therefore action is about to take place as the fast pacey music starts as soon as he does this. At the end of this particular action, the car chase, we get a close up of a foot breaking and the music stopping, letting the viewer know that the action has stopped. Music stops when action stops and this is a technique in which is used to cut tension
Amplified sounds of the car screeching when moving around a corner are also used, this is useful as it makes the scene more dramatic and it does this because we when we hear this it makes the audience more aware of what is happening, plus it is an extremely harsh sound which gives the feel of danger, and therefore more drama.
Non-diegetic sound is used when we hear the wheels are rubbing against the floor, this makes the viewer aware that the car will soon be in the action on screen. When we finally see Tony’s car on the screen again, suddenly the fast pacey music begins, it is almost a sound motif for the car and it also suggests action is about to begin again.
We also see a series of different shot types throughout the car chase, such as point of view shots so that we can get an awareness of what is going on from Sid and Tony’s point of view, we get more of an awareness of the danger they are in at this point as they are going reasonably fast in a car. The camera often stays static when the cars are whizzing past, and this gives the scene an element of speed.
Throughout the whole scene we see a lot of cuts, this is a fast pace sequence, there are many different shots with in a few seconds such as when the camera flicks from looking at one car, to the other to see the different positions they are in. We also get lots of match on action shots taking place such as when the cars turn a sharp corner or for example when we see the car disappear down the steps and then we get a head on view of the car coming towards the camera. We also get a long shot to the side of the car coming down the steps, and this enables the audience to see the coffin on top of the car bumping up and down and this brings an element of comedy to the scene, as it is quite a funny thing to watch, skins is a drama in which has an element of comedy in it, so this is extremely useful.
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=pfDSLf9MAKQ